Ngomhla wesi-2 kweyeKhala ngo-2021, i-Directive on One-Use Plastics yaqala ukusebenza kwi-European Union (EU). Le directive iyakwalela iiplastiki ezithile ezisetyenziswa kanye apho kukho ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo. "Imveliso yeplastiki esetyenziswa kanye" ichazwa njengemveliso eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye yeplastiki kwaye engacwangciswanga, ayilwanga, okanye ayibekwanga kwimarike ukuba isetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi ngenjongo efanayo. IKhomishini yaseYurophu ipapashe izikhokelo, kuquka nemizekelo, yoko kufanele kuthathwe njengemveliso yeplastiki esetyenziswa kanye. (Umgaqo-nkqubo 12.)
Kwezinye izinto zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufuneka anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwawo ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwelizwe, injongo eyahlukileyo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhotile zeplastiki, iimfuno zoyilo lweebhotile zeplastiki, kunye neelebheli ezinyanzelekileyo zeemveliso zeplastiki ukwazisa abathengi. Ukongeza, lo myalelo wandisa uxanduva lomvelisi, oko kuthetha ukuba abavelisi kuya kufuneka bahlawule iindleko zokucoca ulawulo lwenkunkuma, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, kunye nokwazisa ngeemveliso ezithile. Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufuneka asebenzise la manyathelo ngaphambi komhla wesi-3 kuJulayi 2021, ngaphandle kweemfuno zoyilo lwemveliso yeebhotile, eziya kusebenza ukususela ngomhla wesi-3 kuJulayi 2024. (Umhlathi 17.)
Lo myalelo uphumeza isicwangciso seplastiki se-EU kwaye ujonge “ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwe-EU ukuya kuqoqosho olujikelezayo.” (Umzobo 1.)
Umxholo weSikhokelo seePlastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye
Ukuvalwa kweMarike
Lo myalelo uyakuthintela ukuba ezi plastiki zilandelayo ezisetyenziswa kanye zifumaneke kwimarike ye-EU:
❋ iintonga zekotoni
❋ izixhobo zokukhaba (iifolokhwe, iimela, amacephe, izinti zokutshiza)
❋ iipleyiti
❋ iistraw
❋ izixovuli zesiselo
❋ iintonga eziza kuncamathiselwa kuzo neziza kuxhasa iibhaluni
❋ Izikhongozeli zokutya ezenziwe nge-polystyrene eyandisiweyo
❋ Izikhongozeli zeziselo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene ekhulisiweyo, kuquka nezigqubuthelo zazo kunye neziciko
❋ iikomityi zeziselo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene ekhulisiweyo, kuquka nezigqubuthelo zazo kunye neziciko zazo
❋ iimveliso ezenziwe ngeplastiki ebolayo nge-oxo. (Umhlathi 5 kunye nesihlomelo, icandelo B.)
Amanyathelo eSizwe okuNciphisa ukuSetyenziswa
Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezithile ezisetyenziswa kanye apho kungekho ndlela yimbi. Amazwe angamalungu kufuneka angenise inkcazo yamanyathelo kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu aze ayenze ifumaneke esidlangalaleni. Amanyathelo anjalo anokubandakanya ukumisela iinjongo zokunciphisa ilizwe, ukubonelela ngezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwindawo yokuthengisa kubathengi, okanye ukuhlawulisa imali yeemveliso zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye. Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufuneka afezekise "ukunciphisa okunebhongo nokuqhubekayo" ekusetyenzisweni kwezi plastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye "okukhokelela ekuguqulweni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa okwandayo" ngo-2026. Inkqubela yokusetyenziswa nokunciphisa kufuneka ijongwe kwaye ixelwe kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu. (Umhlathi 4.)
Iinjongo zokuQokelelwa okwahlukileyo kunye neemfuno zoYilo lweebhotile zeplastiki
Ngowama-2025, ama-77% eebhotile zeplastiki ezibekwe kwimarike kufuneka ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Ngowama-2029, isixa esilingana nama-90% kufuneka siphinde sisetyenziswe. Ukongeza, iimfuno zoyilo lweebhotile zeplastiki ziya kuphunyezwa: ngowama-2025, iibhotile ze-PET kufuneka zibe ne-25% yeplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa xa zisenziwa. Eli nani linyuka liye kuma-30% ngowama-2030 kuzo zonke iibhotile. (Umhlathi 6, isiqe. 5; umhlathi 9.)
Ukulebhelisha
Iitawuli zokucoca (ii-pads), ii-tampons kunye nezixhobo zokufaka ii-tampon, ii-wet wipes, iimveliso zecuba ezinezihluzo, kunye neekomityi zokusela kufuneka zibe nelebheli "ebonakalayo, ecacileyo necacileyo nengacimekiyo" kwiphakheji okanye kwimveliso ngokwayo. Ilebheli kufuneka yazise abathengi ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula inkunkuma kwimveliso okanye kwiindlela zokulahla inkunkuma ekufuneka ziphetshwe, kunye nokubakho kweplastiki kwimveliso kunye nempembelelo embi yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma. (Umzobo 7, isiqendu 1 kunye nesihlomelo, icandelo D.)
Uxanduva Oluthe kratya Lomvelisi
Abavelisi kufuneka bahlawule iindleko zokunyusa ulwazi, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ukucoca inkunkuma, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nengxelo malunga nezi mveliso zilandelayo:
❋ izikhongozeli zokutya
❋ iipakethi kunye neziqwenga ezenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo
❋ Izikhongozeli zeziselo ezinomthamo ofikelela kwiilitha ezi-3
❋ iikomityi zeziselo, kuquka nezigqubuthelo zazo kunye neziciko zazo
❋ iingxowa zeplastiki ezikhaphukhaphu
❋ iimveliso zecuba ezinezihluzo
❋ ii-wipes ezimanzi
❋ iibhaluni (Umhlathi 8, iziqendu 2, 3 kunye nesihlomelo, icandelo E.)
Nangona kunjalo, akukho zindleko zokuqokelela inkunkuma ekufuneka zihlawulwe malunga nee-wet wipes kunye neebhaluni.
Ukuphakamisa ulwazi
Lo myalelo ufuna ukuba amazwe angamalungu e-EU akhuthaze ukuziphatha kwabathengi okunenkathalo kwaye azise abathengi ngezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nemiphumo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokunye ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungafanelekanga kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nenethiwekhi yamanzi amdaka. (Umhlathi 10.)
i-URL yomthombo:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-21-2021
